Carton



1950 w. P. FRANKENSTEIN 2,535,056

CARTON Original Filed May 7, 1945 3 Sheets-Sheet l IN V EN TOR.

Mum PFeA/rfrzwsnw Dec. 26, 1950 w. P. FRANKENSTEIN 2,535,056

' EE- '7 BY Dec. 26, 1950 CARTON Original Filed May 7, 1945 w. P. FRANKENSTEIN f g a? 55 ADHKS/ VE BEL 0W 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 I N VEN TOR. MLLJAM P Fmjvkzyszrzzy Patented Dec. 26, 1950 STATES PATENT OFFICE Divided and this application October 22, 1947, Serial No. 781,291

Claims.

This is a divisional application of pending application, Serial No. 592,371, filed May 7, 1945 for Cartons, now patent No. 2,514,384.

This invention relates to improvements in cartons and particularly improvements in knocked down cartons or boxes, that is, cartons or boxes shipped to the user in such condition that they may be readily set up for use.

This invention pertains particularly to a knocked down carton or box and/or the lid therefore which is provided with an extending flange beyond the walls thereof at the base of the carton or box and at the upper end oi the lid. This particular style of carton or box and lid is not new, per se, but prior practice made such articles as a rigid set up device requiring considerable shipping and storage space while by the present invention, a carton which is shipped in the knocked down form, may be set up to provide the package with such an extending flange or edge and which package has the necessary and required strength and rigidity.

It is therefore the principal object of this invention to provide a knocked down carton or box which may be set up and have in the set up position an extending flange.

Another object of this invention is the provision in a knocked down carton or box of means for providing a foldable wall which includes an extending flange outwardly of said wall in the plane of the base together with means for preventing said wall and extending flange from becoming inadvertently released.

Another object of this invention is the provision of a blank for forming the carton or box and lid, above referred to, which includes means for locking the parts in position to form the base extending flange.

Specifically it is the object of this invention to improve the construction shown in applicants previously issued patent Reissue 21,158, by providing the carton or box there disclosed with an extension base flange.

A still further object of this invention is the provision of a box or carton having walls of spaced apart members which are inclined relative to one another and which carton or box is provided with a flange in the plane of the base and projecting beyond the walls.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention should be readily apparent by reference to the following specification considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings forming a part thereof and it is to be understood that any modification may be made in the exact structural details there shown and described, within the scope of the appended claims. without departing from or exceeding the spirit of the invention.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a plan view of a blank for forming a carton or box of this invention.

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a box partly set up from the blank of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a perspective of a portion of the box of Fig. 2, showing same in a further stage 01' set up.

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a fragment oi the box or carton of Fig. 2, showing the end thereof completely set up.

Fig. 5 is a horizontal sectional view of the can ton or box of Fig. 2 as though it were completely set up and as seen from line 5-5 of said Fig. 2.

Fig. 6 is a plan view of the blank of Fig. l as it leaves the machine in its partly assembled or knocked down condition and shipped to the user.

Fig. 7 is a transverse section through the partly assembled or knocked down blank as seen from line 7-?! of Fig. 5.

Fig. 8 is a plan view of a half blank from which a carton or box of this invention is formed show= ing a modification in the end lock thereof.

Fig. 9 is a perspective view of a portion of a carton or box formed from the blank oi Fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is a plan view of a half blank from which a carton or box embodying the improvements of this invention if formed and including a modification thereof.

Fig. 11 is a perspective view on an enlarged scale, of a portion of a carton or box formed from the blank of Fig. 10.

Fig. 12 is a cross sectional view transversely of the carton of Fig. 11 taken on line l2--i2 of Fig. 11.

Throughout the several views of the drawings. similar reference characters are employed to denote the same or similar parts.

As was noted above, this invention pertains to improvements in a carton or box and a lid and particularly to such a carton, box or lid in a knocked down condition requiring the user to merely raise the sides or ends thereof and fold the remaining walls to position to hold the raised walls in position. The particular improvement of this invention is the provision on knocked down cartons or boxes and/or lids, as heretofore known and used, of an extending flange in the general plane of the base or top of the carton, that is, the box proper or lid. The drawings illustrate various wall cross-sections and various modifications in the locking of the walls in erected positions and in the description reference will be made to side and end walls but these terms are interchangeable, side walls generally referrin to the walls running the long way of the base or top and the end walls extending between them.

Referring in detail to the drawings and specifically to Figs. 1 to 6 inclusive, the reference numeral 25 indicates the bottom panel having an area bounded by fold or score lines, represented on the drawings by dash lines, 26, 21, 28, and 29. The score or fold lines 26 and 28 each hingedly connect similar extentions 36 and 3| to the base 25 and which extensions form the side walls of the carton part. Since the extensions 30 and 3| are substantially identical it is deemed sufflcient if but one of them be described in detail which will suflice for the both.

Accordingly, extension 3| is longitudinally divided by a plurality of score or fold lines 32, 33, 34, and 35, thereby forming panels between the extension hinge line 26 and the edge of the blank indicated by the reference numerals 36, 31, 38, 39 and 40. The panel 36 is of a length equal to the length of the base 25 and has its ends normal. The panel 36 in the erected carton, forms the upper portion of the extension flange or edge 4|. The panel 31 is shorter than the panel 36 having its ends defined by score or fold lines 42 and 43 set back from the ends of the panel 36 an amount equal to the width of the extension flange to be formed beyond the end walls. The panel 31, in the erected carton, forms the outer wall member and the score or fold lines 42 and 43 respectively, hingedly connect to its ends tucking flaps 44 and 45. The panel 38 is of a length equal to the length of panel 31 and has its ends formed by cut lines 46 and 41 and this panel forms the top of the side wall. The panel 39 is of a length equal to the length of the panels 31 and 36 and forms the inner side wall member of the set up carton. The ends of the panel or inner side wall member 39 is defined by score or fold lines 46 and 49 which respectively hingedly connect to the ends of the panel 39 tucking flaps 50 and The tucking flaps 56 and 5| are of a width equal to the width of the panel 39 and each have one side defined by a hinge or fold line 52 and 53 for connecting therewith a s acer fiap 54 and 55. The panel or inner side wall member, in addition, is provided inwardly of its ends with relatively narrow elongated apertures 56 and 51 to receive locking lugs from the end wa ls as will later be made clear. The remaining panel 46 of the extension 3| constitutes the glue flap or panel for securing the lower end of the inner wall members to the base 25. The panel 46, on the surface below that illustrated in the drawing, is provided with glue or adhesive 58 and the panel 36 is provided with glue or adhesive 59 on the upper surface illustrated in the drawing.

The score or fold lines 21 and 29, or the remaining sides of the base 25, hingedly connect thereto similar extensions 60 and 6| which in the erected carton form the end walls therefor. Since the extensions 60 and 6| are substantially identical it is deemed suflicient if but one of them be described in detail for the both.

Accordingly, the extens on 60 is subdivided into a plura ity of panels by score or fold lines 62, 63, 64 and 65, thereby providing panels 66, 61, 66. 69 and between the score or fold line 21 and the end of the blank. The panel 66 has its ends mitered or angled as at H and 12 with its portion adjacent the base of a length equal thereto and its ed'ze remote from the base of a length equal to the length of the end wall outer members 4 which is the distance across the side walls outer wall members when they are set up. It should be noted that the panel 66 is mitered or angled for appearance only and may be left normal and this panel 66 forms the upper layer of the ex tension flange along the end wall and acts similar to the side wall panel 36. The panel 61 forms the end wall outer wall member in the erected carton and has its ends normal. This end wall member panel is provided with cuts 13 and 14 illustrated as arcuate in shape but these cuts may have any configuration that results in tabs or lugs 15 and 16. These lugs 15 and 16 may be designated as hold down lugs for holding the extension edge in locked position as will later be made clear. With the blank as illustrated in Fig. 1, the inner ends of the lugs 15 and 16, or the edge adjacent the panel 56, is of a width substantially equal to the width of side wall top wall members or panel 36 which is the spacing of the inner and outer side wall members when in the erected position and between which the said hold down lugs 15 and 16 are disposed. The panel 66 is normally of a length equal to the length of the panel 61 and has its outer corner contoured or angled at 11 and 18. Any suitable or desirable contour may be employed as this is for appearance only since the panel 68 constitutes the end wall top member and overlies the corresponding side walls top members 38. The panel 68 forms the end wall inner wall member and is of a length equal to the distance between the Side walls inner wall members. The effective ends of this panel 69 is defined by score or told lines 19 and beyond which the panel 63 has projecting from it looking lugs 8| and 82. These lugs 3| and 62 are the locking lugs above referred to which enter the locking apertures 56 and 51 of the side wall inner members. The fold or score lines 19 and 60 respectively, hingedly connect to the panel 69 spacer tabs 83 and 84 which space the ends of the end walls inner and outer members from one another. The panel 10 constitutes in the assembled carton a spacer panel for the lower ends of the inner and outer end wall members and overlies the base 25 for this purpose.

After the blank is cut and scored as above described adhesive 59 is applied to the extension flange upper panels 36 and the extensions 30 and 3| folded on themselves about their respective hinge 0r fold lines 34. This brings the outer edges of the extensions 30 and 3| inner wall members glue flaps or panels 40 in line with their respective hinge line 26 and 28 on the base panel 25. Adhesive 58 is now, or may have been previously, applied to the panels 46 whereupon the extensions are folded onto the base panel 25 by folding same on their respective hin e lines 26 and 28. The blank is now in the condition illustrated in Fig. 6 and has the glue flaps or panels 40 secured to the base panel 25 and the extension flanges upper portions or panels 36 are secured to the panels 46. It is in this condition, Fig. 6, that the carton is shipped to the user.

The purchaser or user, lifts the knocked down side walls from their position in Fig. 6 to the positions of Figs. 2 and 3, which causes the inner and outer wall members to swing on their score or fold lines 32 and 35 and top members 38 to swing on their score or fold lines 33 and 34 until the inner and outer wall members are normal to the base and the tops parallel with the base. The end walls are then assembled in accordance with the following description of the erection of one of said end walls.

The tucking flaps 50 are bent to be transversely of the base 25 and inwardly of the side walls inner members 39 and the spacing flaps 54 of each tucking flap 50 is then bent to be parallel with the base 25. The tucking flaps are now bent outwardly of the carton to lie in a plane parallel with the plane of extent of the tucking flaps 50. The end wall is now in the state or at the stage of erection illustrated in Fig. 2, at the right handend thereof. The

end wall extension flap 60 is now raised or folded on the hinge line 2'! to bring the end wall extension flange -upper portion or panel 66 onto the base 25 with the contoured ends II and i2 thereof onto the adjacent ends of the side walls extension flange panels 36. This necessitates the folding of the end wall extension 60 back on itself on its score or fold 62. Since the locking tabs and it are ronnected only with the extension flange upper portion or panel 66 and cut from the rest of the end wall, they were folded onto the base with the extension edge panel and remain there when the remainder of the end Wall extension was folded back on itself. Actually, the locking tabs i5 and 76 were respectively folded onto the glue flaps it between the side walls inner and outer wall members at their respective sides of the carton. The end wall is now at the stage of erection illustrated clearly in Fig. 3.

The tucking flaps M are now folded to be disposed transversely of the base and therefore overlie the locking tabs '85 and T6. In this position the tucking flaps M are in face contact with the tucking flaps 5B. The outer end wall member 67 is now folded to be normal with the base 25 and be in face contact with the tucking flaps (it and prevent their displacement with respect to the locking tabs 15 and it. At this time the parts are in the positions illustrated in section in the right hand end of Fig. 8. The remaining panels 68, 59 and it, are now folded inwardly to be normal to one another with the spacer flaps t3 and at between the lateral ends of the inner and outer end wall members and the spacer flap it between the lower ends of said wall members. The various panels or wall members are retained in their erected positions by the locking lugs ti and 82 entering the side walls locking apertures 56. The erected end wall is shown in cross-section in the left hand side of Fig. 5 and in perspective in Fig. 4. It will be noted from Fig. 4 that the hold down lugs or tabs result in cut away spaces 85 and 56 at the outer lower corners of the end wall and that these spaces take the contour of the cut lines it and i l.

The modification illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9 is based on the blank of Fig. l and consists in the provision of but a single hold down lug or tab til projecting, preferably, centrally from the extension flange top panel 66 into the end wall outer wall member panel 671 and separated therefrom by out line 88. This blank is further modifled by providing outer side walls with longer tucking tabs 3 3 so as to completely traverse the locking tab 8? when the carton is erected. The erection of the blank of Fig. 13 is effected in the same manner as the erection of the blank of Fig. l and results in a carton having side and end walls as illustrated in Fig. 9, from which it will be noted that the outer wall member iii of the end wall has an opening 89 corresponding to the out line 88. This Opening is, however, closed by the tucking flaps it each of 6 which is in surface contact with the other and the inner surface of the outer wall member 61.

It should be noted, at this time, that the disclosure of one form of hold down tab with one blank and the disclosure of another form of hold down tab with another blank is not to be interpreted as a limiting factor as each modification can be used with either blank.

The modification disclosed in Figs. 10, 11 and 12, deals with modifying the cross-section of the side and end walls of Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, rather than the hold down of the extension fian ge. The blank as illustrated in Fig. 10, utilizes in each side wall a narrower panel for the panel 98 of Fig. 1 and provides an additional panel 8i between the panel 90 and side wall outer wall member 92. The wall member 92 is slightly narrower than the corresponding outer wall member panel 31 of Fig. l. The side wall inner wall member tucking flap 50 is likewise modified in that it is provided with two hingedly connected spacing and strengthening flaps 93 and 94 Each of the end walls extensions is likewise modified to provide a narrower top wall panel 95 for the end wall panel 68 of Fig. 1, together with a second panel 96 between the panel 95 and the end wall outer wall member panel N. The outer wall member panel ti, similar to the panel 92, is slightly narrower than its corresponding panel at of Fig. 1.

The resulting carton has a wall cross-section as disclosed in Fig. 12 wherein each wall has the inner wall member normal or vertical to the base 25 with a horizontal top wall member formed by the panels til or 95 and an outwardly and downwardly inclined top wall member formed by the panels ti and 98. The outer wall member of each wall formed by the panels 92 and er depends slightly inwardly to the extension flange at the base of the carton. The tucking flaps spacing and strengthening flaps 933 and 9d, respectively, underlie the end walls top panels 95 and 98. Since the end walls have the contoured or inclined top walls, the side walls must be correspondingly formed wherefore the top panel 99 is cut back as at 98 a distance equal to the inclination of the inclined top wall and the upper corner of the inner wall member contoured as 99 and the inclined top wall panel likewise contoured at ltd to correspond to the inclination of the end wall. In order to have a solid abutment for the end wall panels, the side wall top panels are respectively provided with tabs mi and M2 which cooperate with one another and the side walls wall members in forming the abutment, as clearly disclosed in Fig. 12.

It will be noted particularly from Figs. 10 and 11 that there is provided on the carton extension flanges along with contoured side and end walls.

Throughout the description reference has been made to a carton or box as being formed; it should be noted, however, that a lid for a carton or box is likewise formed.

What is claimed is:

1. In a carton part of the class described, formed from a single blank comprising a base member, side walls at opposite sides of the base member each inwardly spaced from its base'side and including an outer wall member, an inner wall member spaced from the outer wall member and a top wall member between said inner and outer wall member, a glue flap for hingedly securing the lower end of the inner wall member to the base, a panel portion between each side wall outer wall member and its base side over lying the base with the glue flap between the panel portion and base to form an extending flange beyond the side wall outer wall member and the panel portion hingedly connecting the side wall outer wall member to the base whereby the side walls may be folded flat, and end walls extending from the remaining sides of the base.

2. In a carton part of the class described,

formed from a single blank comprising a base member, side walls at opposite sides of the base member each inwardly spaced from its base side and including an outer wall member, an inner wall member spaced from the outer wall member and a top wall member having a portion parallel with the base member and a portion inclined thereto with said parallel portion connected with the inner wall member and the inclined portion connected with the outer wall member, a glue flap for hingedly securing the lower end of the inner wall member to the base, a panel portion between each side wall outer wall member and its base side overlying the base with the glue flap between the panel portion and base to form an extending flange beyond the side walls outer wall members and the panel portion hingedly connecting the side wall outer wall member to the base whereby the side walls may be folded flat and end walls extending from the remaining sides of the base.

3. In a carton part of the class described, formed from a single blank comprising a base member, side walls at opposite sides of the base member each inwardly spaced from its base side and including an outer wall member, an inner wall member spaced from the outer wall member 1 and a top wall member between said inner and outer wall member, means for hingedly securing the lower end of the inner wall member to the base, a panel portion between each side wall outer wall member and its base side overlying the base and inner wall member securing means to form an extending flange beyond the side wall outer wall member and the panel portion hingedly connecting the side wall outer wall member to the base whereby the side walls may be folded flat, and walls each formed from an extension from the base including an end wall member and a panel portion between the end wall member and end of the base overlying the base and forming an extending flange beyond the end wall, and cooperating means on the side walls and end walls panel portions for retaining the said end walls panel portions in position.

4. In a carton part of the class described, formed from a single blank comprising a base member, side walls at opposite sides of the base member each inwardly spaced from its base side and including an outer wall member, an inner wall member spaced from the outer wall member, and a top wall member between said inner and outer wall member, means for hingedly securing the lower end of the inner wall member to the base, a panel portion between each side wall outer wall member and its base side overlying the base to form an extending flange beyond the side wall and the panel portion hingedly connecting the side wall outer wall member to the base whereby the side walls may be folded flat. end walls each formed from an extension from the base member including an end wall member, a panel portion between the end wall member and end of the base overlying the base and forming an extending flange beyond the end wall and a hold down tab integral with the panel portion cut from the end wall overlying the base inwardly of the end wall member, and means as sociated with one of the side walls wall members engaging the hold down tabs to hold each end wall extending flange panel portion in position.

5. In a carton part of the class described, formed from a single blank comprising a base member, side walls at opposite sides of the base member each inwardly spaced from its base side and including an outer wall member, an inner wall member spaced from the outer wall member. and a top wall member between said inner and outer wall member, means for hingedly securing the lower end of the inner wall member to the base, a panel portion between each side wall outer wall member and its base side overlying the base to form an extending flange beyond the side wall and the panel portion hingedly connecting the side wall outer wall member to the base whereby the side walls may be folded flat, end walls each formed from an extension from the base member including an end wall member, a panel portion between the end wall member and end of the base overlying the base and forming an extending flange beyond the end wall and a hold down tab integral with the panel portion cut from the end wall member overlying the base inwardly of the end wall member, and tucking flaps from the ends of one of the wall members of the side walla disposed transversely of the base member across the hold down tabs to lock each end wall extending flange panel portion in position.

6. In a carton part of the class described. formed from a single blank comprising a base member, side walls at opposite sides 01 the base member each inwardly spaced from its base side and including an outer wall member, an inner wall member spaced from the outer wall member and a top wall member between said inner and outer wall member, means for hingedly securing the lower end of the inner wall member to the base, a panel portion between each side wall outer wall member and its base side overlying the base to form an extending flange beyond the side wall and the panel portion hingedly connecting the side wall outer wall member to the base whereby the side walls may be folded flat, end walls each formed from an extension from the base including an outer end wall member and an inner end wall member, a panel portion between the outer end wall member and end of the base overlying the base and forming an extending flange beyond the end wall and a hold down tab integral with the panel portion cut from the outer wall member overlying the base inwardly of the outer end wall member, and tucking flaps from the ends of one of the wall members of the side walls disposed transversely of the base member between the end walls inner and outer wall members across the hold down tabs to lock each end wall extending flange portion in position.

'7. In a carton part of the class described, formed from a single blank comprising a base member, side walls at opposite sides of the base member each inwardly spaced from its base side and including an outer wall member, an inner wall member spaced from the outer wall member and a top wall member between said inner and outer wall member, means for hingedly securing the lower end of the inner wall member to the base, a panel portion between each side wall outer wall member and its base side overlying the base to form an extending flange beyond the side wall and the panel portion hingedly connecting the side wall outer wall member to the base whereby the side walls may be folded flat,

end walls each formed from an extension from the base including an end wall outer member, an end wall inner member and an end wall top member, a panel portion between the end wall outer member and end of the base overlying th base and forming an extending flange beyond the end wall and a hold down tab integral with the panel portion cut from the end wall outer member overlying the base inwardly of the end wall member, and tucking flaps from the ends of one of the wall members of the side walls disposed transversely of the base member between the end walls inner and outer wall members across the hold down tabs to lock each end wall extending flange panel portion in position.

8. In a carton part of the class described, formed from a single blank comprising a base member, side walls at opposite sides of the base member each inwardly spaced from its base side and including an outer wall member, an inner wall member spaced from the outer wall irember and a top wall member between said inner and outer wall member, means for hingedly securing the lower end of the inner wall member to the base a panel portion between each side wall o ter wall member and its base side overlying the base to form an extending flang be ond the side wall and the panel portion hingedly connecting the side wall outer wall member to the base whereby the side walls may be folded flat, end walls each formed from an extension from the base including an end wall outer member and an end wall inner member, a panel portion between the end wall outer member and end of the base overyling the base and forming an extending flange be ond the end wall and hold down tabs integral with the panel portion cut from the lower corners of the end wall outer member overlying the base inwardly of the end wall outer member between the inner and outer wall members of the side walls, and tucking flaps from the ends of the side walls outer wall members disposed transversely of the base member between the end walls inner and outer wall members across the hold down tabs to lock each end wall extending flange panel in position.

9. In a carton part of the class described formed from a single blank comprising a base member, side walls at opposite sides of the base member each inwardlyspaced from its base s de and including an outer wall member, an inner wall member spaced from the outer wall member, and a top wall member between said inner and outer wall members, said top wall member comprising a first portion substantially parallel with the carton base member and hingedly connected with one of the inner and outer wall members and a second portion inclining downwardly from said first portion and hingedly connected with the other of said inner and outer wall members, means for hingedly securing the lower end of the inner wall member to the base, a panel portion between each side wall outer wall member and its base side overlying the base to form an extending flange beyond the side wall and the panel portion hingedly connecting the side wall outer wall member to the base whereby the side walls may be folded flat, end walls each formed from an extension from the base including an end wall outer wall member, an end wall inner wall member and an end wall top member, said end wall top member comprising a first portion substantially parallel with the carton base and hingedly connected with one of the inner and outer wall members and a second portion inclining downwardiy from said first portion and connected with the other of said inner and outer wall members, tabs at the ends of the side wall top wall members portions adapted to be downwardly bent to form abutments for the end walls top wall portions, a panel portion between the outer end wall member and end of the base overlying the base and forming an extending flange beyond the end wall, and a hold down tab integral with the panel portion cut from the outer wall member overlying the base inwardly of the outer wall member, and tucking flaps from the ends of one of the wall members of the side walls disposed transversely of the base member between the end wa ls inner and outer wall members across the hold down tabs to lock each end wall extending flange portion in po ition.

10. In a carton part of the class described formed from a single blank comprising a base member, side Walls at opposite sides of the base member each inwardly s aced from its b se side and including an outer wall member, an inner wall member spaced from the outer wa l member, and a top wall member between said inner and outer wall members, said top wall member comprising a first portion substantially narallel with the carton base member and hingedly connected with one of the inner and outer wall members and a second portion inclining downwardly from said first portion and hingedly connected with the other of said inner and outer wall members, means for hingedly securing the lower end of the inner wall member to the base, a panel portion between each side wall outer wall member and its base side overlying the base to form an extending flange beyond the side wall and the panel portion hingedly connecting the side wall outer wall member to the base whereby the side walls may be folded flat, end walls each formed from an extension from the base including an end wall outer wall member, an end wall inner wall member and an end wall top member, said end wall top member comprising a first portion substantially parallel with the carton base and hingedly connected with one of the inner and outer wall members and a second portion inclining downwardly from said first portion and connected with the other of said inner and outer wall members, a panel portion between the end wall outer member and end of the base overlying the base and forming an extending flange beyond the end wall, and hold down tabs integral with the panel portion cut from the lower corners of the end wall outer wall member overlying the base inwardly of the end wall outer wall member between the inner and outer wall members of the side walls, and tucking flaps from the ends of the side walls outer wall members disposed transversely of the base member between the end walls inner and outer wall members across the hold down tabs to lock each end wall extending flange panel in position.

WILLIAM P. FRANKENSTEIN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,996,975 Raisin Apr. 9, 1935 2,116,513 Frankenstein May 10, 1938 2,388,243 Arneson Nov. 6, 1945 2,397,934 Frankenstein Apr. 9, 1946 

